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The Research and Publications Division produces numerous publications on topics related to the four lines of research. The Division also works closely to our Executive Editor of Hemisferio Journal to publish internal and external research papers related to hemispheric problems.
Initial Lines of Research at the IADC were derived via a Faculty-led consultative process, drawing upon relevant mandates of the OAS and Inter-American Defense Board (IADB), systematic assessments of regional countries’ defense and security priorities, reflections on the institutional learning outcomes at the IADC, and engagement of regional experts.
These four Lines of Research will guide institutional collaborations and research clusters:
1) The Inter-American System: Regional Collaboration and Coordination;
2) Hemispheric Peace, Defense, and Security;
3) Evolution of Threats in the Hemisphere and Relevant Responses; and
4) Educating/Developing Regional Leaders: Challenges and Responses.
Our research division and faculty are actively working on a number of projects, related to our four lines of research. Current research projects are as follows:
This Research Project aims to analyze the relationship between uncontrolled offshore activities mainly held on high seas and their impacts on the western hemisphere’s jurisdictional waters and coastal regions, especially in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, highlighting the importance of international alliances to address these threats in areas beyond Coastal States jurisdiction by joint operations under an agreement on international maritime law issues.
This Project is the first IADC Research throughout a Research Cluster Model. It was established by a partnership with the National University of La Plata, the Defense Superior School of Brazil (Escola Superior de Defesa (ESD) do Brasil), and the Colombian Superior School of War (Escuela Superior de Guerra (ESG) de Colombia “General Rafael Reyes Prieto”) and aims to analyze whether there is a violation of the rights of members of the Armed Forces in the Western Hemisphere and, if so, which rights are considered to have been violated. Also, studying the inclusion process in Armed Forces, focusing on opportunities for young people, management of people with disabilities in active duty, and the Women, Peace, and Security Program challenges and outcomes observed in the Western Hemisphere since the United Nations Resolution 1325/2000 enactment.
The absence of a broad and accurate study of hybrid threats on the American continent makes it difficult to understand them, leading to the generalist treatment inherent to weak and not very detailed analyses, which propitiate the ideological and sometimes relativistic use of technical and scientific concepts with the objective of destabilizing a certain antagonistic group, hindering the capacity to differentiate the real hybrid threats in relation to new technologies, cultural and social behavioral issues, or typical changes thereof.
This research project aims to fill this gap in knowledge and establish the basis for the study of hybrid threats in the American continent, through detailed analysis and information exchange within an Inter-American academic forum, such as the IADC, aiming to observe the challenges and opportunities for Inter-American development and cooperation on these matters.
This Project aims to evaluate, through an academic study, the concept of “Integrated Deterrence” as an instrument of cooperation, development, and integration, defining its effects, from the perspective of Security and Defense, in each State. Therefore, the research seeks to accurately study the threats in the complex defense and security scenario of the American continent, to analyze the use of multi-domain operations in the context of Inter-American defense and security; to analyze the current capabilities of the Armed Forces and Security Agencies of the countries of the Western Hemisphere that could be integrated to face the defense and security challenges of the next 10 years; to identify the needed capabilities that the Armed Forces, Security Forces and Agencies of the Western Hemisphere countries must have to overcome these challenges through an integrated approach, and finally to explain how integrated deterrence can be achieved in the future through a multidimensional security approach in the Americas.
Currently, the Project “Integrated Deterrence in the Western Hemisphere” counts on 8 different countries participating through the following Academic Institutions:
1) Inter-American Defense College (Project Leader).
2) Escola Superior de Guerra (ESG – Brazil);
3) Academia Nacional de Estudios Políticos y Estratégicos (ANEPE – Chile);
4) Escuela Superior de Guerra “General Rafael Reyes Prieto” (ESDEGUE – Colombia);
5) Academia de Defensa Militar Conjunta (ADEMIC – Ecuador);
6) Academia de Guerra del Ejército (Ecuador);
7) Academia de Guerra Naval (Ecuador);
8) Academia de Guerra Aérea (Ecuador);
9) Unidad de Estudios Estratégicos de la Universidad de Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE – Ecuador);
10) Colegio de Defensa Nacional (CODENAL – Mexico);
11) Centro de Estudios Superiores Navales (Instituto de Investigaciones Estratégicas de la Armada de México);
12) Instituto de Defesa Nacional (IDN – Portugal);
13) Centro Superior de Estudios de la Defensa Nacional (CESEDEN – Spain);
14) William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies (Perry Center – USA).
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF’s) recommendations in Latin America in the fight against Money Laundering (ML) through the Immediate Outcomes 4 (Preventive Measures) and 6 (Financial Intelligence) and the relationship between anti-money laundering (AML) effectiveness and anti-corruption measures.
Objective
This paper aims to analyze the threats to maritime jurisdictions coming from undetected acts perpetrated beyond national jurisdiction, on the high seas, and seek effective actions to face them through broad international cooperation fostered by international forums and alliances not limited to military actions and purposes.
Captain Fernando de Oliveira Marin was born on May 9, 1970, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and his current assignment is Chief of the Research Division of the Inter-American Defense College (IADC). Captain Marin made his first entry into the Brazilian Navy in 1988, when he joined the Brazilian Merchant Marine Academy, the institution from which he obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Nautical Sciences in 1991. After his experience in the Brazilian Merchant Marine, he joined the Brazilian Naval Academy in 1993, from which he obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Naval Sciences in 1996.
At sea, among the experiences on several vessels, Captain Marin served aboard the Light Aircraft Carrier “Minas Gerais” (A-11) and aboard the Hydro-oceanographic Ship “Taurus” (H-36), and he commanded the Hydrographic and Buoyage Ship “Tenente Castelo” (H-19). On board the A-11, he worked in the Operations Department — as the 3rd Assistant and the 2nd Assistant of the O-3 Division — and in the Weapons Department, as the Head of the 3rd Division. On board the H-36, he served in the Hydro-oceanographic Division — as the Assistant and as the Head of the Division — and as the Executive Officer.
Ashore, Captain Marin served at three Science, Technology, and Innovation (ST&I) Institutions of the Brazilian Navy: the “Almirante Paulo Moreira” Institute of Sea Studies, the Navy Research Institute, and the Navy Technological Center in Rio de Janeiro. At the “Almirante Paulo Moreira” Institute of Sea Studies, he served as an Assistant and the Head of the Coastal and Oceanic Projects Division, as well as the Head of the Ocean Dynamics Division and the Head of the Physical Oceanography Division. At the Navy Research Institute, he served as the Head of the Submarine Acoustic Systems Group and as the Research and Development Superintendent. Prior to his current assignment, he served as the Technical Superintendent of the Navy Technological Center in Rio de Janeiro.
In terms of education and training, besides the two Bachelor’s degrees, he obtained the following national diplomas: Specialization in Electronics at the “Almirante Wandenkolk” Instruction Center in 1997; Improvement in Hydrography at the Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation in 2001; Master in Physical Oceanography at São Paulo University in 2009; and PhD in Ocean Engineering — with emphasis on Underwater Acoustics — at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in 2015. In 2022, he completed the Maritime Policy and Strategy Course at the Brazilian Naval War College. Concerning his decorations, they include the “Tamandaré” Merit Medal, the Gold Military Medal (30 years of service), and the Sailor Merit Medal (1 anchor).
Lieutenant Alfonso Flores Rojas is a native of the City of Acatlán de Osorio, State of Puebla, Mexico. Since 2023, he has been the Deputy Chief of Research Division of the Inter-American Defense College (IADC).
He belongs to the Naval Administration and Quartermaster Service of the International Relations Branch of the Mexican Navy, and is a member of the Basic Academic Nucleus of the Center for Higher Naval Studies of the Naval University (CESNAV). Since 2018, he is a member of the Mexican Association of International Studies (AMEI) and the Mexican Association of Political Sciences (AMECIP) respectively.
He held different positions in the Mexican Foreign Service, in the Mexican diplomatic representations in Brazil and Chile during the years 2009 to 2017. From 2018 to 2022, he served as Head of Postgraduate Studies in the Master’s Degrees in Political Science and Geopolitics, as well as the Doctorate in Maritime and Port Administration of CESNAV.
He is an internationalist with postgraduate studies at the Doctoral level in the areas of Public Security and Public Policy; Likewise, he has studies at the Master’s level in History, International Studies, Public Administration, Political Science, Security and Defense; in addition to having completed specialization studies in Intelligence in the Contemporary State, Political and Strategic Studies, International Relations and Law of the Sea and Maritime.
He has been awarded the Decoration for Naval Teaching Merit in first and second class, as well as various recognitions for the quality management of the Mexican naval educational system.
Dr. MARCIO SETTE FORTES holds a double degree in Economics and Law, a MBA in Finance, a Master in Administration and a Doctorate in Law.
Experienced professional with almost 30 years working in public and private sectors, having acted with international relations, foreign trade, agribusiness, climate change, infrastructure, energy, transportations, logistics, and foreign direct investments.
He is also a Brazilian Bar Association (OAB) national consultant to the Constitutional Law Commission.
He has almost 20 years of academic experience acting as coordinator to IBMEC’s MBA on International Business and professor of International Business, International Trade, Logistics, and Customs Law at IBMEC University. He is the co-author of four books on these topics
He was member of different research institutions such as the Foundation of Sea Studies (FEMAR – BRAZILIAN NAVY) as a professor; the Foundation Center for Foreign Trade Studies (FUNCEX), as Board member; The Association for the Promotion of Economic Studies (APEC), as an Associate Member. He is currently a National Institute for Ocean Research (INPO) founding Associate.
Dr. Sette Fortes has held relevant international positions in the public and private sectors such as Alternate Executive Director for Brazil and Suriname at the INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK headquarters in Washington, D.C.; Chairman of the Board of the BOLIVIA-BRAZIL GAS PIPELINE (TBG); Director of the BRAZIL-CHINA Chamber of Commerce; and Board member of the Brazilian Foreign Trade Association (AEB). He worked for the FRENCH MINISTRY OF ECONOMY, in the Directorate of Foreign Economic Relations, and served as Attaché in Brazil. Previousy, within the UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION, he served on the GTN National Working Group, of the Federal Government of Brazil, during ECO 92 – UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT. For twenty-two years, in Brazil, he worked with foreign trade and logistics, with port, retro-port and airport operations; general warehousing and dry ports, serving as Institutional Relations for the Presidency of GRUPO MULTITERMINAIS Integrated Logistics.
Physical address : 210 B Street, Building 56, Fort Lesley J McNair, Washington DC.
E-mail: iadcresearchdivision@iadc.edu.
210 B St, Washington,
DC 20319
iadc_protocol@iadc.edu
